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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of rescue treatment for recurrent esophageal cancer after radical esophagectomy, and to provide insights into the development of comprehensive treatment for esophageal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 218 patients who were confirmed with recurrent metastatic esophageal cancer after R0 resection and received rescue treatment in our hospital from 2004 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.The survival rate was determined by the Kaplan-Meier method.Univariate and multivariate prognostic analyses were performed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model, respectively.Results The median post-recurrence follow-up time was 53 months.The 1-and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates after recurrence were 57.2% and 24.4%, respectively.Among the 163 patients with local recurrence, the 1-and 3-year OS rates were 70% and 42% for patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (n=40), 55% and 24% for those with radiotherapy alone (n=106), and 23% and 8% for those with supportive therapy (n=13)(chemoradiotherapy vs.radiotherapy alone P=0.045, radiotherapy alone vs.supportive therapy P=0.004;none of the patients who were treated with chemotherapy alone survived for one year or more).Univariate analysis showed that N staging, TNM staging, and post-recurrence rescue treatment regimen were independent prognostic factors for esophageal cancer (all P=0.001).On the other hand, multivariate analysis indicated that only rescue treatment regimen was the independent prognostic factor for esophageal cancer (P=0.013).Conclusions Rescue chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone can bring significant survival benefits for patients with recurrent and metastatic, especially locally recurrent, esophageal cancer following radical esophagectomy.
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Chronic prostatitis (CP) is a very common disease in the male genitourinary system. It can result in male infertility mainly by affecting the motility or the function of spermatozoa and the physical and chemical nature of semen. At present, researches on the mechanism of male infertility resulting from CP mainly focus on ROS, immunological mechanism, lack of zinc and pathogenetic microorganism. This article briefly reviews the progress in these aspects.
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Humans , Male , Adenosine Triphosphate , Metabolism , Antibody Formation , Chronic Disease , Immunity, Cellular , Infertility, Male , Prostatitis , Reactive Oxygen Species , Metabolism , Zinc , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objectives To detemline whether apoptotic cell death is involved in rat cardiac allograft rejection and investigate the relevance of apoptosis with acute rejection and its implication.Methods Groups of Wistar rats underwent heterotopic heart transplantation from allogeneic SD or syngeneic Wistar rats.The cardiac grafts were harvested at 1,3,5,or 7 days after transplantation and underwent the detection of apoptotic cell death using in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling(TUNEL).Histopathological rejeclion grade and apoptotic index(AI)were analyzed.Results The incidence of apoptotic cells was increased steadily over time in allografts,in contrast to syngeneic grafts.The apoptotic cells in allografts were mainly cardiac myocytes and few infiltrating lymphocytes.The AI of rejection grade 1,2,3 and 4 was significantly higher than that of rejection grade 0(P<0.01).Conclusions TUNEL can display apoptosis of single cell in situ.Apoptosis is an important mechanism of tissue injury in acute cardiac allograft rejection in rats.Myocyte apoptosis can be used as a valuable index to estimate the injury of grafts and monitor acute rejection.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection on immune function of the rat recipients and onset of Toxoplasmosis after heart transplantation and its correlation with the use of Cyclosporin A(CsA). Methods ELISA was used to detect recipient's specific circulating antigen (CAg) and antibodies (IgG, IgM) after the transplantation. T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were examined by using immunofluorescence stain and flow cytometry (FCM) before and after heart allograft 5,10,15,20 days in rats. Results The use of CsA increased the risk of infection by T. gondii and accelerated the increase of CD8 + T lymphocyte after the transplantation. The incidence of donor acquired T.gondii infection was higher than that of reactivated silent infection in recipients before operation. The percentage of CD8 + T lymphocyte was evidently elevated due to the onset of toxoplasmosis and the ratio CD4 +/CD8 + was reduced or inverted in the meanwhile. Conclusion The immune suppression after use of CsA was the main reason leading to an activation of the silent infection of T.gondii . CD8 + was the main cytotoxic cell elevated during the infection.
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Objective To evaluate the relationship between the use of CsA and onset of toxoplasma gondii after organ transplantation and study the effect of pathogen acquired path on toxoplasma infectious incidence.Methods ELISA was used to detect recipient's specific CAg and antibodies (IgG, IgM) after organ transplantation of rats. Results The incidence of donor acquired T.gondii infection was higher than that of reactivation of recipient latent infection before operation. The use of CsA could increase the risk of infection by T. gondii after organ transplantation. The use of CsA influenced the detection of anti IgG,IgM sometimes but had no effect in early diagnosis of T.gondii infection through detection of CAg.Conclusion The use of CsA was the main reason leading to infection of toxoplasma gondii after organ transplantion. Detection of specific anti IgG,IgM combined with clinical symptom could be used in early diagnosis.